Employment-based visas
Best suited to: Workers with a sponsoring US employer or exceptional credentials
United States
Moving to the United States: how the categories fit together
US routes are split between temporary and permanent categories, each with very different waiting times.
- Employment routes usually depend on an employer petition
- Some categories are capped and allocated by lottery
- Family sponsorship waiting times vary widely by category
Visa routes to United States
Each route has its own eligibility rules. Use these summaries to decide which official pages are worth your time.
Student visas
Best suited to: Students accepted at an approved US institution
Family sponsorship
Best suited to: Relatives of US citizens and permanent residents
Diversity visa lottery
Best suited to: Nationals of eligible countries entering the annual draw
What to know before applying
US immigration is divided into temporary work visas, permanent employment-based green cards and family-sponsored immigration. The right path depends on your qualifications, job offer, family ties and nationality.
- H-1B, L-1 and O-1 are the main temporary work visas, all requiring employer sponsorship.
- Employment-based green cards usually need a job offer and sometimes labour certification.
- Family sponsorship is divided into immediate-relative and preference categories.
- Maintain lawful status and be truthful in visa interviews.
United States immigration FAQs
- How long does it take to get a US green card?
- It varies from months for immediate relatives of US citizens to many years for employment-based or family-preference categories from high-demand countries.
- Can I apply for a green card while on an H-1B?
- Yes, if your employer is willing to sponsor you through the labour certification and immigrant petition process, or if you qualify for a self-petitioned category.
- Can I change employers on an H-1B?
- Yes, but the new employer must file a petition or transfer before you start work. Some portability rules apply if the petition is filed promptly.