How to Move to the USA

Temporary work visas

The H-1B visa is for specialty occupations requiring a bachelor's degree or equivalent, with an annual lottery and employer sponsorship. The L-1 visa suits intra-company transferees, while the O-1 is for individuals with extraordinary ability in sciences, arts, education, business or athletics.

Other temporary options include E visas for treaty traders and investors, TN visas for Canadian and Mexican professionals under USMCA, and J-1 exchange visitor visas.

Employment-based green cards

EB-1 is for priority workers with extraordinary ability, outstanding professors or researchers, and multinational managers. EB-2 covers advanced-degree professionals and those with exceptional ability, and may require labour certification unless a national interest waiver applies. EB-3 is for skilled workers, professionals and other workers, usually requiring a permanent job offer and labour certification.

Family-sponsored immigration

US citizens and lawful permanent residents can petition for certain family members. Immediate relatives of US citizens generally have faster processing, while family preference categories are subject to annual limits and per-country backlogs.

Student and exchange visas

The F-1 visa is for academic study at a US institution, while M-1 is for vocational programmes. Students may work on campus and, in some cases, participate in optional practical training after graduation. Maintaining full-time student status is essential.

The petition and interview process

Most work and family routes start with a petition filed by the employer or family member. Once approved, the beneficiary applies for the visa at a US consulate or, if eligible, adjusts status inside the United States. Processing times and visa availability vary widely by category and country of birth.

Common mistakes to avoid

Working without authorisation, falling out of status, or misrepresenting intentions at a visa interview can have serious consequences. Be honest about your plans and keep records of all petitions, I-94 records and employment letters.

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get a US green card?

It varies from months for immediate relatives of US citizens to many years for employment-based or family-preference categories from high-demand countries.

Can I apply for a green card while on an H-1B?

Yes, if your employer is willing to sponsor you through the labour certification and immigrant petition process, or if you qualify for a self-petitioned category.

Can I change employers on an H-1B?

Yes, but the new employer must file a petition or transfer before you start work. Some portability rules apply if the petition is filed promptly.